• “A comprehensive review of the research on video games recently demonstrated that playing violent video games leads directly “to aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, and cardiovascular arousal, and to decreases in helping behavior.” The linkage between the violent game and the boy’s antisocial behavior is unequivocally cause-and-effect, these researchers found; the end result is that boys who play these games are more likely to engage in “serious, real-world types of aggression.” The more carefully researchers control for all the variables, the larger the effect size, suggesting that previous studies “underestimate the true magnitude of observed deleterious effects on behavior, cognition, and affect.”  Boys Adrift: The Five Factors Driving the Growing Epidemic of Unmotivated Boys and Underachieving Young Men (Leonard Sax)  Page 67